TWiki> IVOA Web>IvoaDataModel>STC>STC2 (revision 20)EditAttach

STC version 2.0


Goal

Why STC-2.0?

Version 1 of STC was developed in 2007, prior to the development and adoption of vo-dml modeling practices. As we progress to the development of vo-dml compliant component models, it is necessary to revisit those models which define core content. Additionally, the scope of the STC-1.0 model is very broad, making a complete implementation and development of validators, very difficult. As such it may be prudent to break the content of STC-1.0 into component models itself, which as a group, cover the scope of the original.

This effort will start from first principles with respect to defining a specific project use-case, from which requirements will be drawn, satisfied by the model, and implemented in the use-case. We will make use of the original model to ensure that the coverage of concepts is complete and that the models will be compatible. However, the form and structure may be quite different. This model will use vo-dml modeling practices, and model elements may be structured differently to more efficiently represent the concepts.

Context and Scope

Measurement: Describes measured or determined data

  • associates the coordinate value with errors
Coordinates: Describes the coordinate domain space
  • the coordinate space; axes and domain ranges
  • coordinate frames with metadata describing the origin and orientation of the coordinate space
  • a general model for specifying coordinate values within the coordinate space
  • simple specialized coordinates fro the most common cases
  • coordinate systems associating related coordinate frames
Transforms: Describes the mechanism to define data as a function of other data. i.e. to transform data from one 'frame' to another
  • atomic transform operations
  • operations which combine operations into sequences; either in series or in parallel
  • operations which facilitate dimensional manipulation
    • add, delete, duplicate dimensions
    • shuffle axis order

Participants

domain experts: Jim Bosch (LSST), Ian Evance (SAO); ArnoldRots (retired)

data modeler: MarkCresitelloDittmar

contributors: MarkCresitelloDittmar (editor),

Coords: ArnoldRots, GerardLemson, OmarLaurino

Trans: ArnoldRots, DavidBerry, StevenCrawford, NadiaDencheva, PerryGreenfield, TimJenness, OmarLaurino, StuartMumford, ErikTollerud

Meas: ArnoldRots, GerardLemson, OmarLaurino

Uses cases

1) The primary use case for this work is in support of the CubesDM

  • focus on N-Dimensional model pixelated image and sparse data cubes;
  • General
    • knowledge of the pixel and physical domain spaces provided at a high level
    • definition of the domain space includes the following criteria
      • dimensionality (typically 1,2 or 3 for physical domain), pixel domain may be of any dimension
      • axis configuration (for spatial domain which has >1D). The most common configurations for astronomical data are Cartesian and Spherical, but others may be used as well.
      • domain range along each axis, typically +/- Inf, but may be limited due to physical constraints (e.g. physical size of a detector, sensitivity limitiations, etc)
      • association with additional metadata further describing the nature of the domain space ( Frame ). This is especially true for the Spatial and Temporal domains, but may apply to others as well.
        • reference position (location of origin)
        • reference frame (orientation of the domain space)
        • planetary ephemeris
        • equinox
  • Pixelated Image Cube
    • complete specification of pixel coordinate domain; number of axes, number of pixels per axis
    • image axes
      • in pixel domain, are a binned coordinate space with integerized values (pixel indexes)
      • mapped to various 'physical' coordinate spaces via transform operations
        • any combination of pixel axes may be involved in transform to any given 'physical' space
        • any pixel axis may be involved in more than one mapping
        • mappings often involve multiple steps executed in sequence
        • mappings may define a progressive migration in coordinate space (e.g. pixel -> ccd -> detector -> sky -> wcs )
          • intermediate stages may or may not be explicitly defined. Therefore, mappings must be stackable in series.
        • transform operations should be flexible in covering the n-dimensional space. e.g. Application of Scale operations to 1D, 2D, nD axes.
        • pixel axis mappings are typically to a continuous domain, but may also be to a discrete domain such as Polarization state.
    • image cubes may have any number of dimensions, but are typically separable into co-dependent axes of 1, 2, or 3 dimensions.
      • spatial domain typically 2-3 dimensions
      • other domains (time, spectral, polarization), are typically 1 dimensional
    • image data value is typically given in a physical domain, but may itself be mapped to other domains
  • Sparse Cube
    • data axes cover a wide array of physical domains including, but not limited to Spatial, Temporal, Spectral, Polarization,
    • individual domains may be represented multiple times in different frames ( ccd, detector, sky; pha, energy )
    • data values may have associated errors
      • typical error forms include: symmetric( +/- a ), asymmetric( +a:-b ), interval ( a:b ), matrix
      • for multi-dimensional: elliptical,
      • quality indicators:
        • global status, typically numeric
        • bit array, where each bit is associated with a particular quality state
      • for multi-dimensional data, associated errors may be separable or correlated
    • data axes may be virtual, defined as a mapping from other data axes
      • here, the originating space is not pixelated, but an arbitrary space.
      • axes involved in a mapping need not be associated with the same physical domain.
        • X,Y = Map(x,y,temp); Transform with spatial and thermal dependence
      • dimensionality may change between operations
  • Physical Data (Observables)
    • focus the following domains which are frequently included in astronomical data cubes. Domains: Spatial, Spectral, Temporal, Polarization.
    • Spatial
      • Cartesian space: chip, detector, sky
      • Spherical space: Equatorial, Ecliptic, Galactic, LongLat
    • Time
    • Polarization
      • Discrete space: Polarization states (Stokes, Linear, Circular, Vector )
    • Spectral
      • 1Dimensional: energy, frequency, wavelength
2) An implementation project focused on the Transform model to be undertaken by members of LSST and STSci community to evaluate the usability and applicability of the model to their missions. The focus of this project is to exercise the Transform model through a workflow consisting of:
  • serialization in YAML of various Transform operation sequences
  • the generation and passing thereof between two Transform library implementations
  • This use case emphasizes the workflow and combination of atomic operations.
    • combining operations in parallel to cover the dimension space
    • combining operations in series to accomplish multi-stage mappings
    • management and direction of axes through the operation sequence, for example:
      • duplicate axes x and y to send pair into 2D-Polynomial transforms, generating x',y'; in reverse direction, select axes 3 and 2
      • from 4D axis set, send axes 1,3 into operation A, axis 2 into operation B, axis 4 into operation C
      • send 2D axis set into 3D operation, adding axis 3 with default value.
    • handling of both forward and inverse operations
      • for operations with no natural inverse, must be able to assign (optionally) an independent operation spec to be used in that direction.

Requirements


Examination and implementation of the above cases leads to the following set of requirements distributed through the various STC component models.

  • Structure
    • [vodml.001] The model shall be vo-dml compliant, producing a validated vo-dml XML description.
    • [vodml.002] shall re-use, or refer to, dependent models for objects and concepts already defined in other models
    • [vodml.003] shall produce documentation in vo-dml HTML format
    • [vodml.004] shall produce documentation in standard PDF format
  • Application/Usage
    • [user.001] Users should be able to identify and use basic content with minimal specialized information.
      • in other words, a generic utility should be able to find and use core elements without knowing a lot about the various extensions and uses of those elements.
    • [user.002] When applicable, the model should support usability by simplifying common scenarios.
      • i.e. keep common things simple, and complex things possible
  • Domains
    • [dom.001] Shall accommodate the description of data in any observable domain
    • [dom.002] Shall provide enhanced/specialized description for data pertaining to * [dom.0002.1] Pixel domain: binned, integerized, n-dimensional domain * [dom.0002.2] Spatial domain: continuous domain, typically in 2-3 dimensional cartesian or spherical spaces * [dom.002.3] Time domain: continuous 1D domain, typically provided in JD, MJD, ISO, or as an Offset from a zero point * [dom.0002.4] Polarization domain: discrete 1D domain of polarization states.
  • Measurements
    • [meas.001] Shall relate a coordinate value with associated errors
    • [meas.002] Shall support multiple error associations per value to describe errors from different sources
    • [meas.003] Any specific error source may appear only once
    • [meas.004] Errors may be correlated between component values ( ie: may apply to coordinate set as a whole )
    • [meas.005] Values associated with different domains may have correlated errors (ie: components of coordinate tuple may refer to different domains, and have non-separable errors)
    • [meas.006] Shall support the most common error forms, including, but not limited to: Symmetrical, Asymmetrical, Interval, Elliptical, Matrix
    • [meas.007] Shall provide specialized objects related to measurements in the priority domains ( Spatial, Spectral, Temporal, Polarization ); leveraging [user.0002] where possible
    • [meas.008] Shall allow for the representation data outside the priority domains
  • Coordinates
    • Coordinate Spaces:
      • [coords.001] Shall facilitate the description of the domain space
        • [coords.001.1] Coordinate space shall consist of 1 to N dimensional axes
        • [coords.001.2] Shall support the description of axes which are continuous, binned, and discrete in nature
        • [coords.001.3] Each dimensional axis shall define the domain range of that axis as appropriate for its nature
    • Coordinate frames:
      • [coords.002] Shall facilitate the specification of the nature of the domain, providing additional metadata relevant to the interpretation of coordinates in that domain.
    • Coordinates:
      • [coords.003] Shall identify a location within the coordinate domain space
      • [coords.004] Shall be associated with a corresponding coordinate frame providing metadata relevant to the interpretation of the coordinate
      • [coords.005] Shall be associated with a particular axis of the coordinate space to provide context for the coordinate and facilitate the application of mapping Transforms
      • [coords.006] Shall be complete quantities, including value and units as appropriate
      • [coords.007] Shall support the association of atomic coordinates into a multi-dimensional compound grouping
    • Coordinate systems:
      • [coords.008] Shall provide for encapsulating the description of the entire domain space
      • [coords.009] for Pixel domain, this must include the full coordinate space description
      • [coords.010] for Physical domains, this must include the Frame specifications, as it is this metadata that is more relevant to users. The coordinate space is typically well defined or implied by the coordinate itself.
  • Transforms:
    • [trans.001] Shall facilitate the relation of two coordinate frames through a mathematical formula (Transforms)
    • [trans.002] Shall define a set of atomic Transform operations commonly used in astronomical applications
      • [trans.002.1] at a minimum, will accomodate common operations found in FITS images and data cubes, including but not limited to:
        • Linear, Matrix, FITS WCS projection, Lookup table, Polynomial (1D and 2D)
      • [trans.002.2] shall accommodate and be compatible with established implementation packages AST, and gWCS
    • [trans.003] Shall allow the combination of operations in sequence, to form complex, multi-stage transforms.
    • [trans.004] Shall allow the combination of operations in parallel to cover the appropriate domain space
    • [trans.005] Shall support bi-directional workflow (forward and inverse), including the explicit assignment of independent operations for types which have no natural inverse.
    • [trans.006] Shall provide operations to facilitate a work flow that requires manipulation of the dimensional axes through the process
      • [trans.006.1] duplicate axes, e.g. to send axis pair (x,y) into 2 Poly2D operations to form (x',y')
      • [trans.006.2] shuffle axis order [x,y,z] => [x,z,y]
      • [trans.006.3] add or drop dimensions
      • [trans.006.4] allow explicit control of flow in both forward and inverse directions
        • [trans.006.4.1] preferential selection of source in reverse direction for duplicated input axes
        • [trans.006.4.2] one-to-one axis mappings are not, necessarily, bi-directional

Documents

Latest Document:

The current documentation may be found on Volute:

Volute:

The current working draft of the document, including all images and source document can be found in the volute repository.. here

UML Model:

We also provide an export of the UML specification in XMI format (version 2.4.1), which is compatible with the vo-dml xslt scripts for generating the vo-dml XML representation.

vo-dml:

VO-DML XML serialization of the model and corresponding HTML page are here

Discussion Topics

Significant discussion threads from dm working group mailing list:

STC2 and VO-DML compliance:

Discussion on conflicts between stc2 model and vo-dml rules, specifically regarding the multiplicity of attributes.

Cube dependencies

Working Draft Review:

Implementations

Libraries:

The model is compatible with three popular and well establised Transform implementation libraries. The table below shows the coverage of the various libraries to the model elements:

  • AST: Starlink's Library for Handling World Coordinate Systems in Astronomy. (Python, Perl, Java, and C )
  • GWCS: Generalized WCS implementation, with basis in the astropy modeling package. (Python)
  • WCSLIB: implements the "World Coordinate System" (WCS) standard in FITS (C, Fortran)
WCS Transform Model Element AST GWCS WCSLIB
TCompose CmpMap Model composition    
TConcatenate CmpMap Model concatenation  
TAtomic Mapping    
TForward Mapping wcs.forward_transform  
TInverse Mapping wcs.backward_transform  
Permute PermMap Mapping  
       
Unit UnitMap Identity  
Shift ShiftMap Shift lin.h
Scale ZoomMap Scale lin.h
Rotate2D   Rotation2D  
EulerRotation   EulerAngleRotation  
Matrix MatrixMap    
Projection      
o SkyProjection WCSMap Projection prj.h
o SphericalRotation   RotateNative2Celestial,RotateCelestial2Native sph.h
o SpectralProjection SpecMap   spx.h
Polynomial1D PolyMap Polynomial1D  
Polynomial2D PolyMap Polynomial2D  
Lookup LutMap Tabular1D,Tabular2D tab.h

Notes

Modifying content added by: -- ArnoldRots - 2017-11-07

Rather than proposing a set of shortcut elements for the model, we are transforming it to a list of Astronomical properties which should be supported by the model and the current means of representing them.

Property Coordinate Frame Description Notes
Time JD TimeFrame Time as a Julian Date

MJD TimeFrame Time as a Modified Julian Date

ISOTime TimeFrame Time as a structured string

TimeOffset TimeFrame Time as an offset from a zero point





ra Longitude SpaceFrame Right Ascension Coordinate in a spherical space with an equatorial reference frame
dec Latitude SpaceFrame Declination
l Longitude SpaceFrame Galactic longitude Coordinate in a spherical space with a galactic reference frame
b Latitude SpaceFrame Galactic latitude
elong Longitude SpaceFrame Ecliptic longitude Coordinate in a spherical space with a ecliptic reference frame
elat Latitude SpaceFrame Ecliptic latitude
long Longitude SpaceFrame Longitude

Coordinate in a spherical space; any spherical reference frame other than those listed above

lat Latitude SpaceFrame Latitude
r R SpaceFrame Radius
x X SpaceFrame Cartesian X Coordinate in a cartesian space; may be combined with any reference frame
y Y SpaceFrame Cartesian Y
z Z SpaceFrame Cartesian Z





Energy PhysicalCoordValue none Spectral data expressed as energy
Frequency PhysicalCoordValue none Spectral data expressed as frequency
Wavelength PhysicalCoordValue none Spectral data expressed as wavelength reqs refraction index?





Polarization PolStokes none Polarization states - Stokes Discrete axis

PolCircular none Polarization states - Circular

PolLinear none Polarization states - Linear

PolVector none Polarization states - Vector

To be migrated

Attribute

Type Description Constraints
pmra RealQuantity Proper motion in RA These five attributes may appear together and require a spherical space and an equatorial reference frame
pmdec RealQuantity Proper motion in Dec
pml RealQuantity Proper motion in Galactic longitude These four attributes may appear together and require a spherical space and a Galactic reference frame
pmb RealQuantity Proper motion in Galactic latitude
vx RealQuantity Cartesian X velocity
These six attributes may appear together, require a Cartesian space and may be combined with any reference frame
vy RealQuantity Cartesian Y velocity
vz RealQuantity Cartesian Z velocity
pmelong RealQuantity Proper motion in Ecliptic longitude These four attributes may appear together and require a spherical space and an ecliptic reference frame
pmelat RealQuantity Proper motion in Ecliptic latitude
pmlong RealQuantity Proper motion in longitude These five attributes may appear together and require a spherical space and any spherical reference frame other than the ones specified above
pmlat RealQuantity Proper motion in latitude
dircosx real Direction cosine along X (unit sphere) These three attributes may appear together, require a unit sphere space and may be combined with any reference frame
dircosy real Direction cosine along Y (unit sphere)
dircosz real Direction cosine along Z (unit sphere)
redshift
'z'
redshift
doppler velocity - optical
redshift
doppler velocity - radio
redshift
doppler velocity - relativistic



Edit | Attach | Watch | Print version | History: r35 | r22 < r21 < r20 < r19 | Backlinks | Raw View | Raw edit | More topic actions...
Topic revision: r20 - 2019-04-23 - MarkCresitelloDittmar
 
This site is powered by the TWiki collaboration platform Powered by Perl This site is powered by the TWiki collaboration platformCopyright © 2008-2024 by the contributing authors. All material on this collaboration platform is the property of the contributing authors.
Ideas, requests, problems regarding TWiki? Send feedback